Imakethi ibonelela ngoluhlu olwahlukeneyo lweemitha zokuqhuba, ukusukela kwizixhobo ezintsonkothileyo zaselabhoratri ukuya kwizixhobo ezifanelekileyo zentsimi kunye nezixhobo zokujonga inkqubo yexesha lokwenyani. Uhlobo ngalunye lwenzelwe ukuzalisekisa imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo. Esi sikhokelo siya kukuthatha kuhambo olubanzi ngemigaqo yoyilo, iingenelo ezingundoqo, iinuances ezibalulekileyo zetekhnoloji, kunye nokusetyenziswa okukhethekileyo kweentlobo zeemitha zokuqhuba, ukubonelela ngesixhobo esineenkcukacha sokukhetha kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokulinganisa ukuhanjiswa ngokufanelekileyo.

Isiqulatho:

1. Amacandelo angundoqo eemitha zokuqhuba

2. UMmiselo wokuSebenza weemitha zokuqhuba

3. Zonke Iindidi zeemitha zokuqhuba

4. Izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa ukhetha imitha yokuqhuba

5. Uhlengahlengiswa njani imitha yokuqhuba?

6. Ii-FAQs

I. Amacandelo anguNdoqo we-Conductivity Meters

Phambi kokuphonononga kwiintlobo ezithile zomlinganiselo wokuqhuba, makhe siphonononge izinto ezisisiseko kuzo zonke iimitha zokuqhuba, eziya kwenza ukuba kube lula ukukhetha imitha yokuqhuba:

1. Isivamvo sokuSebenza (iProbe/Electrode)

Le nxalenye isebenzisana ngokuthe ngqo nesisombululo phantsi kovavanyo, ibona utshintsho kwi-conductance yombane okanye ukuchasana phakathi kwe-electrodes yayo ukulinganisa i-ion concentration.

2. Iyunithi yeemitha

Eli candelo le-elektroniki linoxanduva lokuvelisa i-voltage echanekileyo yangoku (AC) yombane, ukusetyenzwa komqondiso ovela kwi-sensor, kunye nokuguqula umlinganiselo oluhlaza ube yixabiso le-conductivity efundekayo.

3. Uluvo lobushushu

I-Conductivity ivakalelwa kakhulu kwiinguqu zeqondo lokushisa. Idityaniswe ngaphakathi kwiprobe,iisivamvo sobushushungokuqhubekayoihlola ubushushu besisombululo kwaye isebenzise imbuyekezo yobushushu obuyimfuneko, iqinisekisa ukuchaneka nokuthelekisa iziphumo zomlinganiselo.

II. UMgaqo wokuSebenza weemitha zokuQhuba

Ithiyori yomsebenzi wemitha ye-conductivity ixhomekeke kwindlela echanekileyo ye-elektroniki kunye ne-electrochemical process elinganisa amandla esisombululo sokuthwala umbane.

Inyathelo 1: Yenza umsinga

Isixhobo se-conductivity siqalisa lo mlinganiso ngokusebenzisa i-voltage ezinzileyo (AC) yombane kwi-electrodes ye-sensor (okanye i-probe).

Xa i-sensor ifakwe kwisisombululo, i-ion echithwe (i-cations kunye ne-anions) ikhululekile ukuhamba. Phantsi kweempembelelo zombane owenziwe ngumbane we-AC, ezi ion zifudukela kwi-electrode echajiweyo ngokuchasanayo, zenza umsinga wombane oqukuqela kwisisombululo.

Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ombane e-AC kubalulekile kuba kuthintela i-electrode polarization kunye nokuthotywa, okunokuthi kukhokelela ekufundweni okungachanekanga ekuhambeni kwexesha.

Inyathelo 2: Bala indlela yokuqhuba

Iyunithi yemitha ngoko ilinganisa ubukhulu balo msinga (I) ohamba ngesisombululo. Ukusebenzisa uhlobo olucwangciswe ngokutsha lweUmthetho ka-Ohm(G = I / V), apho i-V yi-voltage esetyenzisiweyo, imitha ibala i-conductance yombane yesisombululo (G), ebhekisela kumlinganiselo wendlela ohamba ngayo ngokulula phakathi kwee-electrode ezithile ngaphakathi komthamo othile wolwelo.

Inyathelo lesi-3: Khangela i-conductivity ethile

Ukufumana i-conductivity ethile (κ), ipropati yangaphakathi ezimeleyo yejometri ye-probe, i-conductance elinganisiweyo (G) kufuneka ibe yinto eqhelekileyo.

Oku kuphunyezwa ngokuphindaphinda i-conductance nge-probe's fixed cell constant (K), eyi-geometric factor echazwe ngumgama phakathi kwee-electrode kunye nommandla wazo osebenzayo.

I-conductivity yokugqibela, ekhethekileyo ibalwa ngokusebenzisa ubudlelwane: κ = G·K.

III. Zonke Iindidi zeemitha zokuqhuba

Ngokusekelwe kwimiba yesicelo kunye nokuchaneka okufunekayo, iimitha ze-conductivity zingahlelwa ngokubanzi. Esi sithuba siqokelela zonke kwaye sikuhambise kuzo nganye nganye ukuze ufumane ukuqonda okuneenkcukacha.

1. Iimitha eziphathwayo zokuqhuba

I-conductivity ephathekayoiimitha ziizixhobo zokuhlalutya ezikhethekileyo ezenzelwe ukusebenza kakuhle, ukuxilongwa kwindawo. Ifilosofi yabo yoyilo olusisiseko ibeka phambili i-trifecta ebalulekileyo: ulwakhiwo olukhaphukhaphu, ukuqina olomeleleyo, kunye nokuphatheka okukhethekileyo.

Eli nqaku liqinisekisa ukuba ukuchaneka komlinganiselo welabhoratri kuhanjiswa ngokuthe ngqo kwisampulu yomthombo wesisombululo, esinciphisa ngokufanelekileyo ukulibaziseka kolungiselelo kunye nokwandisa ukuguquguquka kokusebenza.

Izixhobo eziphathekayo zeconductivity zakhelwe ngokukodwa umsebenzi onzima. Ukufezekisa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo phantsi kweemeko ezirhabaxa zangaphandle nakwimizi-mveliso, zibonakalisa amandla asebenza ngebhetri kwaye zenziwe ngobunono ngobuchwephesha obunobungqina bothuli kunye noyilo olungenamanzi (oluhlala luchazwa ngumlinganiselo we-IP).

Iimitha zonyusa kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kwibala ngokunika amaxesha okuphendula ngokukhawuleza kwiziphumo ezikhawulezileyo, ezidityaniswa namandla okugawulwa kwedatha. Olu luhlu lubenza lube lolona khetho luqinisekileyongokukhawulezaamanziumgangathouvavanyo ngaphayaiindawo ezikude zejografi kunye nemigangatho yemveliso yemizi-mveliso eyandisiweyo.

Usetyenziso oluBanzi lwemitha yokuQhutywa okuPhathwayo

Ukuba bhetyebhetye kunye nokuqina kweemitha zokuqhuba eziphathwayo kuzenza zibe yimfuneko kuwo wonke amashishini abalulekileyo:

1. Ukuhlolwa kokusingqongileyo:Iimitha eziphathwayo zeEC zizixhobo ezibalulekileyo zovavanyo lomgangatho wamanzi, ukwenza uphando kwimilambo, amachibi, namanzi aphantsi komhlaba, kunye nokuchonga imithombo yongcoliseko.

2. EzoLimo nezasemanzini:Ezi mitha zikhaphukhaphu zisetyenziselwa ukujonga amanzi okunkcenkceshela, izisombululo zezondlo ze-hydroponic, kunye nomgangatho wamanzi echibini leentlanzi ukugcina ityuwa egqwesileyo kunye nokugxilwa kwezondlo.

3. Ukuhlolwa kwemizi-mveliso kwindawo:Iimitha zikwabonelela ngokukhawuleza, uvavanyo lokuqala lwamanzi enkqubo, njengamanzi enqaba yokupholisa, amanzi kwibhoyila, kunye nokukhutshwa kwamanzi amdaka kwimizi-mveliso.

4. Umsebenzi wemfundo nophando:Ukulungeleka kunye nokulula kokusetyenziswa kweempawu zenza iimitha eziphathwayo zigqibelele ukufundisa kwangaphandle kunye neemvavanyo ezisisiseko zentsimi, ezinikezela ngezandla ekuqokeleleni idatha kubafundi kunye nabaphandi.

Le probe's versatility iqinisekisa ukuba imitha ibonelela ngokuguquguquka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokusingqongileyo, igubungela yonke into ukusuka kumanzi asulungekileyo ukuya kwizinyibiliko zetyuwa eninzi.

2. I-Bench-top Conductivity Meters

Iimitha conductivity benchtopsisixhobo sokusebenza okuphezulu kwe-electrochemistry ngokukodwa kuphando olungqongqo kunye nokufunwa koLawulo loMgangatho (QC), okuqinisekisa ukuchaneka okungaguqukiyo kunye nokuzinza kokusebenza kwedatha ebalulekileyo yohlalutyo. Iphawulwe ngoyilo olusebenza ngeendlela ezininzi kunye nolomeleleyo, ibonelela ngesakhono somlinganiselo obanzi kuluhlu olubanzi, ukusuka ku-0 µS/cm ukuya kwi-100 mS/cm.

I-benchtop conductivity meter imele incopho yesixhobo se-electrochemistry sophando olufunayo kunye noLawulo loMgangatho olungqongqo (QC) okusingqongileyo. Ngokuchaneka okuphezulu, imisebenzi emininzi, kunye nemisebenzi eyomeleleyo, le mitha yebhentshi-phezulu igxile ekunikezeni ukuchaneka okungaguqukiyo kunye nokuzinza, okuqinisekisa ukunyaniseka kwedatha yohlalutyo olubalulekileyo.

Yenzelwe ukwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwebhubhoratri kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwedatha, le mitha yenza kube lula ukulinganisa ngaxeshanye kweeparamitha eziphambili njenge-EC,TDS, kunye nobutyuwa, obukwabandakanya ubunakho bokuzikhethelayepH,ORP, kunye ne-ISE, ngokwesiseko sokuhamba kwayo kuhlengahlengiswaiparameter ezininziukulinganisaukudibanisa.

Esi sixhobo sinoburharha sisebenza njengesisombululo sovavanyo lwento yonke, esonyusa i-laboratory throughput. Ngapha koko, ulawulo lwedatha ephucukileyo (ukugcinwa okukhuselekileyo, ukuthumela ngaphandle, ukuprinta) kuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa ngokupheleleyo kwemigangatho ye-GLP/GMP, ukubonelela ngedatha elandelekayo kunye nokuthotyelwa kophicotho-zincwadi okunciphisa umngcipheko wolawulo.

Okokugqibela, ngokudityaniswa kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeprobe kunye nee-K-values ​​ezithile (iiseli ezingaguqukiyo), ukusebenza ngokugqibeleleyo kwiisampulu ezahlukeneyo zeematriki kuqinisekisiwe, ukusuka kumanzi acocekileyo ukuya kwizisombululo zoxinaniso oluphezulu.

Usetyenziso oluBanzi lwe-Bench-top Conductivity Meters

Le nkqubo yebhentshi-phezulu yokusebenza ibalulekile kwimibutho efuna iziphumo ezicacileyo, ezithembekileyo zohlalutyo:

1. Amachiza kunye noKutya/isiselo QC:I-bench-top meter ibalulekile kulawulo oluluqilima lomgangatho (QC) wovavanyo lwezinto zombini kunye neemveliso zokugqibela, apho ukuthotyelwa kokulawula kungenakuxoxisana.

2. UPhando kunye noPhuhliso lwezeNzululwazi:Ibonelela ngokuchaneka okuphezulu okuyimfuneko yokuqinisekiswa kwezinto ezintsha, ukujonga ukuhlanganiswa kweekhemikhali, kunye nokuphucula inkqubo.

3. Ulawulo lwamanzi kwimizi-mveliso:I-bench-top meter ibalulekile kuhlalutyo oluchanekileyo lomgangatho wamanzi kuzo zonke iinkqubo zamanzi e-ultrapure (UPW), izibonelelo zamanzi okusela, kunye nokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka kwimizi-mveliso, ukunceda ukugcina ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nemigangatho yokusingqongileyo.

4. Iilebhu zemichiza:Isetyenziselwa imisebenzi esisiseko efana nokulungiswa kwesisombululo esichanekileyo, ukulinganiswa kweekhemikhali, kunye nokuchaneka okuphezulu kwe-titration endpoint, imitha yenza isiseko sokuchaneka kwelabhoratri.

3. Iimitha zokuSebenza kwi-Intanethi

Idizayinelwe ngokukodwa iimeko zenkqubo ezizenzekelayo, uchungechunge lweemitha ze-intanethi ze-intanethi zibandakanya ifilosofi yokuyila ngokuqhubekayo, ukubeka iliso ngexesha lokwenyani, ukuthembeka okuphezulu, kunye nokuhlanganiswa okungenamthungo kwii-architecture zolawulo ezikhoyo.

Ezi zixhobo ezinqabileyo, ezizinikeleyo zithatha indawo yesampulu yesandla kunye ne-24 / 7 imijelo yedatha engaphazamisekiyo, esebenza njengendawo ebalulekileyo yenzwa yokuphucula inkqubo, ukulawula, kunye nokukhusela izixhobo ezibiza kakhulu. Zibalulekile kuwo nawuphi na umsebenzi apho uqwalaselo oluqhubekayo lomgangatho wamanzi okanye ugxininiso lwesisombululo lubalulekile ekugcineni umgangatho wemveliso, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemithetho.

Ezi mitha ze-conductivity zemizi-mveliso zibonelela ngolawulo oluqinisekisiweyo lwenkqubo yexesha lokwenyani ngokuqhubeka kokunikezelwa kwedatha ukubhaqwa okungaqhelekanga ngoko nangoko. Babonisa uyilo oluqinileyo, olunokugcinwa okuphantsi, bahlala besebenzisa izinzwa eziphuculweyo, zokusetyenziswa kumajelo eendaba arhabaxa, ngelixa beqinisekisa ukuchaneka kwizicelo ezibalulekileyo njengamanzi e-ultrapure. Ukudityaniswa kwayo ngokungenamthungo kwiinkqubo ze-PLC/DCS kuphunyezwa kusetyenziswa umgangatho we-4-20mA kunye neeprothokholi zedijithali.

Izicelo eziBanzi zeemitha zokuQhuba kuShishino lwe-Intanethi

Ukwazi ukuqhubeka nokubeka iliso kwezi mitha ze-EC ezikwi-intanethi okanye kwimizi-mveliso zixhaswe kuzo zonke iinkqubo zoshishino oluphezulu:

1. Ukucocwa noLawulo lwaManzi kwimizi-mveliso:Iimitha zamashishini ezikwi-intanethi zisetyenziselwa ukubeka esweni ngokunzulu ukusebenza kakuhle kweeyunithi ze-Reverse Osmosis (RO), iinkqubo zokutshintshiselana nge-ion, kunye neemodyuli ze-EDI. Zikwabalulekile kulawulo logxininiso oluqhubekayo kumanzi ebhoyila kunye neenqaba zokupholisa, ukwenza imijikelo yoxinzelelo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemichiza.

2. IMveliso yeMichiza kunye noLawulo lweNkqubo:Iimitha zi-eKubalulekile ekubekweni esweni kwi-intanethi ye-asidi / isiseko sogxininiso, ukulandelwa kwenkqubela phambili yokusabela, kunye nokuqinisekiswa kobunyulu bemveliso, ukuqinisekisa ukuqulunqwa kweekhemikhali kunye nezivuno zenkqubo.

3. Ukwenziwa kweMveliso ecocekileyo:Isinyanzelo sokhuseleko lwezixhobo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso, ezi zixhobo ze-intanethi zibekwe ngokubalulekileyo kumachiza kunye nezixhobo zokuvelisa amandla ngokungqongqo, ukubeka iliso kwi-intanethi yemveliso yamanzi e-ultrapure, i-condensate, kunye nomgangatho wokutya kwamanzi, ukuqinisekisa ulawulo olupheleleyo lokungcoliseka.

4. Ucoceko lokutya kunye neziselo:Isetyenziselwa ukulawulwa kwe-intanethi ye-CIP (i-Clean-in-Place) i-concentrations yesisombululo kunye nemilinganiselo echanekileyo yokuxuba imveliso, iimitha ze-conductivity ze-intanethi zihlangabezana nemigangatho yococeko ngokugqibeleleyo ngelixa unciphisa amanzi kunye nenkunkuma yeekhemikhali.

4. Abavavanyi bePocket Conductivity (iSimbo sokubhala)

Aba bavavanyi bokubhala bokubhala benziwe ngobunjineli ukuze babonelele ngokulula okungahambelaniyo kunye nexabiso elikhethekileyo lovavanyo lomgangatho wamanzi ngokubanzi, okwenza ukuba amandla ohlalutyo olukhawulezileyo afikeleleke kakhulu. Isibheno esisisiseko sisekuphathekeni kwazo okugqithileyo: i-ultra-compact, uyilo lobungakanani bosiba luvumela umlinganiselo wokwenyani xa usendleleni, ukuphelisa ukuntsonkotha kolungiselelo lokuseta elabhoratri.

Yenzelwe onke amanqanaba abasebenzisi, ezi mitha zigxininisa ukulula kweplagi kunye nokudlala. Ukusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo kubandakanya amaqhosha amancinci, ukuqinisekisa ukufikeleleka komsebenzisi okuphezulu kunye nokubonelela ngokukhawuleza, ukuqonda okusebenzayo ngaphandle kwesidingo soqeqesho olulodwa. Oku lula kokusetyenziswa kuxhasa abasebenzisi abafuna ukukhawuleza, imilinganiselo ebonisa ukusulungeka kwesisombululo kunye nokugxininiswa kunokuchaneka okuphezulu, idatha ephicothiweyo.

Ngaphaya koko, ezi zixhobo zixabisa kakhulu. Bebekwe kwindawo yexabiso eliphantsi kunezixhobo ze-benchtop, benza uvavanyo lwamanzi oluthembekileyo lufikeleleke kubantu abakhathalela uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali kunye noluntu ngokubanzi. Uphawu oluphambili olusebenzayo kukukwazi ukubonelela ngoqikelelo olukhawulezayo lwe-TDS ecaleni kofundo lwe-EC oluphambili. Ngelixa isekelwe kuguqulo olusemgangathweni, eli nqaku linika umfanekiso okhawulezayo womgangatho wamanzi jikelele, uzalisekisa iimfuno zabasebenzisi abafuna umvavanyi wamanzi olula, othembekileyo.

Usetyenziso oluBanzi lwePen EC Meter

I-ultra-compact pen-style conductivity tester ifaneleke ngokugqibeleleyo kwiilabhoratri zamagumbi amancinci, imisebenzi ekhulayo eqinile, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwentsimi apho ukusebenza kwendawo kubaluleke kakhulu.

1. Ukusetyenziswa kwaManzi kunye naManzi aseKhaya:Ilungele uvavanyo olulula lokucoceka kwamanzi okusela, impilo yamanzi e-aquarium, okanye umgangatho wamanzi wedama lokuqubha. Le yeyona nto iphambili ekujoliswe kuyo kubanini bezindlu kunye nabathanda izinto zokuzonwabisa.

2. Isikali esiNcinci seHydroponics kunye neGaya:Isetyenziselwa ukukhangela okusisiseko kokugxilwa kwesisombululo sezondlo, ukubonelela abalimi abafundayo nabancinci ngedatha ebalulekileyo yokulawula impilo yezityalo ngaphandle kwezixhobo ezikhethekileyo.

3. IiNkqubo zeMfundo nokufikelela ebantwini:Ukulula kwabo kunye neendleko eziphantsi kubenza babe zizixhobo zokufundisa ezigqibeleleyo zokunceda abafundi kunye noluntu ukuba baqonde ingcamango ye-conductivity kunye nobudlelwane bayo emanzini anyibilikisiweyo.

IV. Izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa ukhetha imitha yokuqhuba

Xa ukhetha imitha ye-conductivity, ukhetho kufuneka luhambe kunye neemfuno ezithile zezicelo zeziphumo ezithembekileyo kunye nokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo. Ngezantsi yimiba ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyithathele ingqalelo ngexesha lokukhetha imitha ye-EC:

Inqaku loku-1: Uluhlu loMlinganiso kunye nokuchaneka

Uluhlu lomlinganiselo kunye nokuchaneka zizinto zokuqala, ezingundoqo. Kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba imida yokusebenza kwesixhobo ifanelekile kumaxabiso e-conductivity yezisombululo zakho ekujoliswe kuzo.

Kwangaxeshanye, kuvavanya ukuchaneka nokuchaneka okufunekayo; iinkcukacha zobuchwephesha bemitha kufuneka zihambelane nenqanaba elifunekayo leenkcukacha kumgangatho wakho womgangatho okanye iinjongo zophando.

Umba wesi-2: Imiba yokusingqongileyo

Ngaphaya kwesakhono somlinganiselo ongundoqo, imiba yokusingqongileyo ifuna ingqalelo. Imbuyekezo yobushushu yinto ebalulekileyo ukuba isisombululo okanye iimeko ze-ambient ziguquguquka, njengoko zilungisa ngokuzenzekelayo ukufundwa kweqondo lokushisa eliqhelekileyo, liqinisekisa ukuhambelana.

Ngaphezu koko, ukhetho lweprobe echanekileyo ayinakuxoxwa. Ngapha koko, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeprobe zilungiselelwe usetyenziso olwahlukileyo kunye nemidiya. Ukukhetha nje iprobe ehambelana neekhemikhali kunye nenjongo evavanyiweyo kwaye ifanele ngokwasemzimbeni kwindawo evavanyiweyo.

Inqaku lesi-3: Ubuchule bokusebenza kunye nokuDityaniswa kweDatha

Okokugqibela kodwa kuncinci, ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokudibanisa idatha kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo. I-User Interface kufuneka ibandakanye ulawulo olucacileyo kunye nomboniso ocacileyo wokunciphisa ixesha loqeqesho kunye neempazamo ezinokwenzeka.

Emva koko, vavanya iimfuno zoqhagamshelwano. Qinisekisa ukuba ufuna ukuloga kwedatha, unxibelelwano lwesixhobo sangaphandle, okanye udibaniso olungenamthungo kunye neeNkqubo zoLawulo lweeNkcukacha zeLabhoratri (i-LIMS) ukwenzela ukunika ingxelo kunye nokuthotyelwa.

V. Ulungelelaniswa njani imitha yokuqhuba?

Ukulinganisa imitha ye-conductivity kubalulekile kwimilinganiselo echanekileyo. Inkqubo isebenzisa isisombululo esisemgangathweni se-conductivity eyaziwayo ukulungelelanisa i-cell yangaphakathi yemitha engaguqukiyo, leyokubandakanya amanyathelo amahlanu aphambili: ukulungisa, ukucoca, ukulinganisa ubushushu, ukulinganisa, kunye nokuqinisekisa.

1. Ukulungiselela

Inyathelo 1:Qinisekisa i-conductivity entshaisisombululo esisemgangathwenikufutshane noluhlu lwesampulu yesiqhelo (umzekelo, 1413 µS/cm), amanzi adiyiweyo okanye adiyiniweyo okuhlanjululwa, kunye neebhekile ezicocekileyo.

Qaphela ukuba musa ukuphinda usebenzise izisombululo zolungelelwaniso njengoko zingcoliseka ngokulula kwaye azinasakhono sebufa.

2. Ukucoca kunye nokuRinki

Inyathelo 1:Sula ngokucokisekileyo i-probe ye-conductivity ngamanzi adibeneyo okanye adibeneyo ukuze ususe nayiphi na intsalela yesampulu.

Inyathelo lesi-2:Gcoba ngobunono iprobe ngelaphu elithambileyo, elingenalusini okanye ithishu. Kwakhona, kunqande ukubamba ii-electrode ngeminwe kuba i-probe inokungcoliseka.

3. Ulungelelwaniso lobushushu

Inyathelo 1: Galela umgangatho kwinqanawa ekujoliswe kuyo.

Inyathelo lesi-2:Gxininisa ngokupheleleyo iprobe ye-conductivity kwisisombululo esisemgangathweni. Qinisekisa ukuba ii-electrode zigqunywe ngokupheleleyo kwaye akukho maqamza omoya avaleleke phakathi kwawo (cofa ngobunono okanye ujikelezise iprobe ukukhulula nawaphina amaqamza).

Inyathelo lesi-3:Vumela i-probe kunye nesisombululo sokuhlala kwi-5-10 imizuzu ukufikelela kwi-equilibrium ye-thermal. I-Conductivity ixhomekeke kakhulu kwiqondo lokushisa, ngoko eli nyathelo libaluleke kakhulu ukuchaneka.

4. Ulungelelwaniso

Inyathelo 1:Qala imo yokulinganisa kwimitha, edla ngokubandakanya ukucofa nokubamba iqhosha elithi "CAL" okanye "Umsebenzi" ngokusekelwe kwincwadana yemitha.

Inyathelo lesi-2:Kwimitha ye-manual, lungisa ixabiso elibonisiweyo lomitha usebenzisa amaqhosha otolo okanye i-potentiometer ukuhambelana nexabiso le-conductivity eyaziwayo yesisombululo esisemgangathweni kwiqondo lokushisa langoku.

Kwimitha ezenzekelayo, qinisekisa nje ixabiso lomgangatho, vumela imitha ukuba ilungelelanise, kwaye ugcine iseli entsha engatshintshiyo.

5. Ukuqinisekisa

Inyathelo 1:Hlanza iprobe kwakhona ngamanzi adibeneyo. Emva koko, yenza umlinganiselo omtsha womgangatho ofanayo wokulinganisa okanye owahlukileyo, umgangatho wesibini ukuba wenza ulungelelwaniso lwamanqaku amaninzi.

Inyathelo lesi-2:Ufundo lwemitha kufuneka lusondele kakhulu kwixabiso elaziwayo lomgangatho, ngokwesiqhelo phakathi kwe-±1% ukuya kwi-±2%. Ukuba ufundo lungaphaya koluhlu olwamkelekileyo, coca i-probe ngokucokisekileyo kwaye uphinde yonke inkqubo yokulinganisa.

Ii-FAQs

Q1. Yintoni conductivity?

I-Conductivity ibhekiselele kubuchule bento ekuqhubeni umsinga wombane. Ngumlinganiselo wokuxinana kwee-ion ezikhoyo kwisisombululo.

Q2. Zeziphi iiyunithi ezisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa i-conductivity?

Ukuqhuba ngokuqhelekileyo kulinganiswa nge-Siemens ngemitha (S/m) okanye i-microsiemens ngesentimitha (μS/cm).

Q3. Ngaba imitha yokuqhuba ukulinganisa ukucoceka kwamanzi?

Ewe, iimitha zokuqhuba ziqhele ukusetyenziswa ukuvavanya ukucoceka kwamanzi. Amaxabiso aphezulu e-conductivity angabonisa ubukho bokungcola okanye ii-ion ezichithwe.

Q4. Ngaba iimitha zokuqhuba zifanelekile kwimilinganiselo yobushushu obuphezulu?

Ewe, ezinye iimitha ze-conductivity zenzelwe ukujamelana namaqondo okushisa aphezulu kwaye zinokulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo i-conductivity kwizisombululo ezishushu.

Q5. Kufuneka ndilinganise kangaphi imitha yam yokuqhuba?

Ubungakanani bokulinganisa buxhomekeke kwimitha ethile kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo. Kucetyiswa ukuba ulandele izikhokelo zomenzi ngamaxesha okulinganisa.