Iimitha zokuHamba zeTurbine: Ukuchaneka kunye nokuthembeka kuShishino lwale mihla

Njengoko icandelo lamandla ehlabathi lijonge kumafutha acocekileyo kunye noxanduva olungqongqo lwezibonelelo,Iimitha zokuhamba zeinjinihlala ulilitye lembombo lomlinganiselo ochanekileyo wokuqukuqela kuwo wonke amashishini ahlukeneyo. Ezi zixhobo zibonelela ngokuchanekileyo, ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe, kunye nokusebenza ngendlela engabizi kakhulu, nto leyo ezenza zibaluleke kakhulu kwizicelo ezivela kwigesi yendalo engamanzi.LNG) ukukhutshelwa kokugcinwa kwamafutha eenqwelomoya azinzileyo (SAF) adityaniswe kunye nokulungiswa kweekhemikhali. Esi sikhokelo sibanzi siphonononga indlela iimitha zokuhamba kwe-iturbine ezisebenza ngayo, iingenelo zazo, izicelo eziphambili, iindlela zokukhetha, ezona ndlela zilungileyo zokugcinwa, kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwazo kwiimfuno zoshishino oluvelayo.

Zisebenza njani iimitha zokuHamba kweTurbine

Iimitha zokuhamba kwe turbine zilinganisaumgangatho wohambozolwelo okanye iirhasi ngokusebenzisa isantya sokujikeleza sevili lomoya womoya. Njengoko ulwelo ludlula kwisilinganisi-manzi, lubangela ukuba i-iturbine ijikeleze ngesantya esilinganayo nesantya sokuqukuqela komthamo. Izinzwa zibhaqa ujikelezo, ngokuqhelekileyo ngemagnethi okanye i-optical pickups, kwaye iyiguqulele ibe ngumqondiso we-elektroniki wokulinganisa okuhamba okuchanekileyo.

Xa zidityaniswe neziguquli zemiqondiso ye-elektroniki ephucukileyo, iimitha zokuqukuqela ze-iturbine zibonelela ngokukhawuleza, ukuphinda-phinda, nangokuchaneka ufundo, ngokuqhelekileyo zifumana ±0.5% ukuya ku-±1% ukuchaneka phakathi koluhlu oluchaziweyo lokusebenza. Oku kubenza balungele ukucoceka, ulwelo lwe-viscosity ephantsi, njengamanzi, amafutha, izinyibilikisi, kunye neegesi, ezisetyenziswa kumashishini apho ukuchaneka kubaluleke kakhulu.

Izinto eziluncedo eziPhambili zeTurbine Flow Meters

Iiimitha zomoyazibonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi ezibenza zibe lukhetho olukhethwayo kumashishini afuna umlinganiselo othembekileyo wokuqukuqela. Ngezantsi ziinzuzo zabo eziphambili:

Ukuchaneka okuKhethekileyo kunye nokuPhindwa kwakhona

Iimitha zokuqukuqela ze-turbine zinikezela ngokuchaneka okuphezulu, kunye nokuphindaphinda okuqinileyo njenge-± 0.5% kunye nokuhamba okuncinci kwexesha elide. Oku kubenza bafanelekele izicelo ezibalulekileyo ezifana nokudluliselwa kokugcinwa, apho umlinganiselo ochanekileyo uqinisekisa ukuthengiselana ngemali efanelekileyo. Bathobela imilinganiselo engqongqo, efana ne-API MPMS yeSahluko 5 (iMigangatho yoMlinganiso wePetroleum) kunye ne-OIML R117 (Iinkqubo zokumeta eziguquguqukayo zolwelo), ukulungiselela izicelo zokudluliselwa kokugcinwa kogcino kwimizi-mveliso yeoli, igesi neyemichiza.

Ixesha lokuphendula ngokukhawuleza

Ngamaxesha okuphendula phantsi kwe-100 millisecond, iimitha zokuhamba kwe-turbine yenza ukuba iliso lexesha langempela kunye nokulawula kwiinkqubo eziguquguqukayo. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwizicelo ezifana neengalo zokulayishwa kwamafutha, ukusetyenzwa kwebhetshi, kunye nedosi ezenzekelayo, apho uhlengahlengiso olukhawulezayo lokutshintsha ukuhamba luyimfuneko.

Uyilo oluQinisekileyo kunye noGcitho lweendleko

Iimitha zokuhamba zeturbine zibonisa uyilo olulula lomatshini, oluqhele ukwakhiwa ngemathiriyeli eyomelele njengentsimbi engatyiwa okanye iHastelloy. Oku kulula ukuguqulela kwiindleko zokufakela ezisezantsi kunye nokugcinwa okuncitshisiweyo xa kuthelekiswa nobuchwepheshe obuyinkimbinkimbi, njengeCoriolis okanye i-ultrasonic flow meters. Ubungakanani babo obubambene bubenza kube lula ukudibanisa kwiinkqubo ezikhoyo.

Uluhlu olubanzi lokuSebenza

Iimitha zokuhamba kwe-turbine zisebenza ngokuthembekileyo kuluhlu olubanzi loxinzelelo kunye namaqondo obushushu, ukusuka kwiimeko ze-cryogenic ezisezantsi njenge -200 ° C ukuya kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphezulu ukuya kuma +400 ° C. Iimodeli ezikhethekileyo zinokubamba uxinzelelo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-10,000 psi (i-690 bar), ezenza zilungele izicelo ezifunwayo ezifana nokuhanjiswa kwe-LNG okanye ukusetyenzwa kwe-hydrocarbon ephezulu.

Ukusetyenziswa koShishino lweemitha zokuHamba zeTurbine

Imilinganiselo yokuqukuqela kweturbine iyaguquguquka kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kuwo wonke amashishini afuna ukuchaneka nokuthotyelwa. Ngezantsi zezinye zezicelo zabo eziphambili:

I-LNG kunye ne-Hydrocarbon Custody Transfer

Njengoko iimarike zamandla ehlabathi ziguquka, kunye neYurophu yahlula imithombo yayo yamandla kunye ne-Asiya inyusa ukuthengwa kwe-LNG, uhlobo lokuhamba kweemitha zohlobo lwe-turbine ludlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimisebenzi yokudluliselwa kogcino. Ezi mitha ziqinisekisa umlinganiselo ochanekileyo wegesi yendalo engamanzi (LNG), igesi yendalo ecinezelweyo (CNG), kunye ne-hydrocarbons esulungekileyo, exhasa urhwebo olufanelekileyo kwiintengiselwano zexabiso eliphezulu.

Ukuthotyelwa kwabo nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe, kuquka i-API, i-OIML, kunye ne-ISO, iqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwizivumelwano zeebhiliyoni zeedola. Ngokomzekelo, ekugqithiseni ukugcinwa kwe-LNG, iimitha zokuhamba kwe-turbine zibonelela ngokuchaneka okufunekayo ukuze kunikwe ingxelo malunga ne-cubic meter nganye yemveliso, ukunciphisa iingxabano zemali kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kokulawula.

I-Aviation Fueling and Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)

Ushishino lwezophapho luphantsi koxinzelelo lokuphumeza ukukhutshwa kwe-net-zero, ukuqhuba imfuno yamafutha eenqwelomoya azinzileyo (SAF) ecaleni kwamafutha ejethi emveli. Iimitha zokuhamba kwe-turbine zibalulekile kumlinganiselo ochanekileyo we-fuel ngexesha lomsebenzi wokutshisa inqwelomoya, ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.

Iimitha zeinjini yomoya zanamhlanje ziyilelwe ukuphatha i-viscosity eguquguqukayo yemixube ye-SAF, ibandakanya ubuchule obuphezulu bokulinganisa kunye ne-algorithms yembuyekezo yobushushu. Oku kubenza bakwazi ukugcina ukuchaneka okuqinileyo njenge ± 0.35% ngexesha lemisebenzi yokudibanisa, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okufanayo nokuba kulinganiswa amafutha asekelwe kwi-kerosene okanye i-SAF eco-friendly.

Ukwenziwa kweMichiza kunye neMichiza

Kwimizi-mveliso yeekhemikhali kunye namayeza, iimitha zokuhamba ze-iturbine zixhasa uluhlu lweenkqubo ezibalulekileyo, ezibandakanya:

• Ukudongwa kweBatshi echanekileyo: Ngokuphinda-phinda okuphantsi njenge-±0.25%, iimitha ze-injini ye-injini ziqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa okuchanekileyo kweekhemikhali kunye nee-reactants kwiinkqubo ze-batch, ukunciphisa inkunkuma kunye nokuqinisekisa umgangatho wemveliso.

• Ulawulo lwe-Solvent kunye ne-Reactant: Kwimveliso yamachiza, umlinganiselo ochanekileyo wokuhamba uyimfuneko ekulawuleni i-solvents kunye ne-reactants, ukuqinisekisa ukuqulunqwa okuhambelanayo kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yokulawula.

• Iinkqubo zokupholisa kunye nokujikeleza: Iimitha zomjikelo wokujongisisa ukuhamba kweenkqubo zokupholisa ukusabela kwe-exothermic, inceda ukugcina iimeko zokusebenza ezikhuselekileyo.

Ukukwazi kwabo ukuphatha ulwelo olucocekileyo, olusezantsi lwe-viscosity lubenza babe yisisombululo kwezi zicelo, apho nokuphambuka okuncinci kunokuchaphazela umgangatho wemveliso okanye inkqubo yokhuseleko.

IziKhokelo zokuKhetha iiMita zokuHamba zeTurbine

Ukukhetha imitha yokuqukuqela yomoya ochanekileyo kufuna uqwalaselo ngononophelo lwemiba emininzi ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo. Ngezantsi zingcebiso eziphambili:

Ukukhethwa okufanelekileyo kuqinisekisa ukuba imitha isebenza ngaphakathi koluhlu olufanelekileyo, ukuhambisa ukusebenza okuthembekileyo kunye nokuphila ixesha elide.

ULondolozo lweZenzo eziLungileyo zeeMita zokuHamba zeTurbine

Ukwandisa ixesha lokuphila kunye nokuchaneka kweemitha zokuhamba kweinjini yomoya, ukugcinwa rhoqo kubalulekile. Ngezantsi zizicwangciso eziqinisekisiweyo zokugcina iimitha zakho zikwimeko ephezulu:

Faka izihluzi ezingaphakathi

Ukusebenzisa i-100-micron yezihluzi zentsimbi engenastainless steel mesh kuthintela amasuntswana ekungeneni kwimitha kunye nokonakalisa iibheringi zeinjini yomoya. Ekufakeni ulwelo olucocekileyo, oku kunokwandisa ubomi benkonzo yemitha ukuya kwiminyaka emihlanu nangaphezulu. Hlola izihluzi ngekota ukunqanda ukwakheka okunokuthi kuthintele ukuhamba kwaye kuchaphazele ukuchaneka komlinganiselo.

Thintela i-Cavitation kunye ne-Pressure Spikes

I-Cavitation, ebangelwa ukubunjwa kwe-bubble bubble, inokonakalisa i-turbine blades kunye nokunciphisa ukuchaneka. Gcina ubuncinci be-overpressure ye-10% (okanye ubuncinane ibha ye-1) ukukhusela i-cavitation. Kwiinkqubo ezineevalvu zokuvala ngokukhawuleza, fakela i-dampeners yoxinzelelo ukunciphisa i-spikes yoxinzelelo. Ukusetyenziswa okubandakanya iimpompo ezibuyisela umva, qwalasela izidambisi-zincindi ze-pulsation ukugudisa ukuguquguquka kokuhamba.

Cwangcisa uCalibration rhoqo

Ukulungiselela izicelo zokukhutshelwa kogcino, hlengahlengisa iimitha zokuhamba kweinjini yomoya rhoqo ngonyaka usebenzisa iimitha eziphambili okanye iiprovers ukugcina ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho. Kwizicelo zolawulo lwenkqubo ngokubanzi, ulungelelwaniso rhoqo emva kweminyaka emi-2-3 ngokuqhelekileyo lwanele. Soloko uhlengahlengisa emva kolondolozo olubalulekileyo okanye ukuba ubona ukuchaneka ukukhukuliseka ngaphaya konyamezelo olwamkelekileyo (umz., ±1%).

Ukuziqhelanisa neeMfuno zoShishino lwale mihla

Iimitha zokuqukuqela ze-turbine ziye zavela ukuze zihlangabezane nemiceli mngeni yamashishini anamhlanje, kubandakanya imathiriyeli ephucukileyo kunye nobuchwepheshe bokuphucula ukusebenza. Iinguqulelo eziphambili ziquka:

• Izinto zeCryogenic: Iimitha ezakhiwe ngensimbi engenasici i-316L okanye i-Monel yenzelwe ukusetyenziswa kwe-LNG kumaqondo okushisa aphantsi -162 ° C, iqinisekisa ukuhlala kwiimeko ezinzima.

• Ulwakhiwo oluNganyanzeliyo ekuMhleni: I-Hastelloy C-276 isetyenziselwa iimitha zokuphatha i-biofuels ezonakalisayo, iikhemikhali, okanye izinyibilikisi, ukwandisa ubomi benkonzo kwiindawo ezinobundlobongela.

• Ukudityaniswa kweDijithali: Iimitha zeinjini zanamhlanje zixhasa iiprothokholi zonxibelelwano lwedijithali ezifana ne-Modbus, i-HART, kunye neSiseko se-Fieldbus, evumela ukuhlanganiswa okungenamthungo kunye neenkqubo ze-Industry 4.0 zokujonga idatha yexesha langempela kunye nohlalutyo.

Ezi nkqubela phambili zenza iimitha zokuqukuqela zeiturbine zibe sisisombululo sobungqina bexesha elizayo kumashishini ajonga inguqu ukuya kumafutha acocekileyo kunye neenkqubo zokwenziwa ezikrelekrele.

Ukuqukumbela

Iimitha zokuhamba ze-turbine zidibanisa ukuchaneka, ukuthembeka, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko, kubenza ukhetho oluguquguqukayo kumashishini ukusuka kumandla ukuya kwinqwelomoya ukuya kukulungiswa kweekhemikhali. Ukukwazi kwabo ukuhambisa imilinganiselo echanekileyo kwiimeko ezinzima, ukuthobela imigangatho yehlabathi, kunye nokudibanisa neenkqubo zedijithali zanamhlanje ziqinisekisa ukuba zihlala zisisixhobo esithembekileyo kwiingcali kwihlabathi jikelele.

Nokuba ulawula ukukhutshelwa kogcino lwe-LNG, ukubasa inqwelomoya ngesibaso senqwelomoya esizinzileyo, okanye ulawula idosi yeekhemikhali, iimitha zokuhamba kweinjini yomoya zibonelela ngokusebenza kunye nokuthembeka okufunekayo ukuhlangabezana nemingeni yanamhlanje. Ngokulandela ukhetho olufanelekileyo, ufakelo, kunye neendlela zokulondoloza, unokuqinisekisa ukuba ezi mitha zibonelela ngeziphumo ezingaguqukiyo kwiminyaka ezayo.