UMlinganiselo woBugcisa: IsiKhokelo sakho esiGqibelayo sokuGqibela, isihlobo, kunye nesikali esipheleleyo (%FS) impazamo

Ngaba ukhe wajonga kwiphepha elichazayoauxinzeleloumthumeli,aukuhambaimitha, okanyeaisivamvo sobushushukwayeUyibonile into yomgca efana "Ukuchaneka: ±0.5% FS"? Luphawu oluqhelekileyo, kodwa luthetha ukuthini ngenene kwidatha oyiqokelelayo? Ngaba kuthetha ukuba yonke into efundwayo ingaphakathi kwe-0.5% yexabiso lokwenene? Njengoko kubonwa, impendulo intsonkothile ngakumbi, kwaye ukuqonda oku kuntsonkotha kubalulekile kuye nabani na obandakanyeka kubunjineli, ukuvelisa, kunye nokulinganisa kwesayensi.

Impazamo yinxalenye engenakuphepheka yehlabathi lokwenyama. Akukho sixhobo sigqibeleleyo. Undoqo kukuqonda ubunjani bempazamo, uyilinganise, kwaye uqiniseke ukuba ingaphakathi kwemida eyamkelekileyo yesicelo sakho esithile. Esi sikhokelo siya kunciphisa iikhonsepthi eziphambiliofumlinganiseloimpazamo. Iqala ngeenkcazo ezisisiseko kwaye emva koko iye yanda ibe yimizekelo esebenzayo kunye nezihloko ezinxulumeneyo, ikuguqule ukusuka kumntu ofunda nje iispecs ukuya kumntu oziqonda ngokwenene.

 

Yintoni impazamo yoMlinganiselo?

Entliziyweni yakhe,impazamo yomlinganiselo ngumahluko phakathi kobungakanani obumiselweyo kunye nexabiso layo lokwenyani. Yicinge njengomsantsa phakathi kwehlabathi njengoko isixhobo sakho silibona kunye nehlabathi njengoko linjalo.

Imposiso = Ixabiso eliMngqiniweyo – Ixabiso eliyinyani.

"Ixabiso leNyaniso" yingcamango yethiyori. Enyanisweni, ixabiso lokwenyani elipheleleyo alinakuze laziwe ngokuqinisekileyo ngokugqibeleleyo. Kunoko, kusetyenziswa ixabiso lokwenene eliqhelekileyo. Eli lixabiso elinikezwe ngumgangatho womlinganiselo okanye isixhobo sokubhekisela esichaneke ngakumbi (ngokuqhelekileyo amaxesha ama-4 ukuya kwali-10 achaneke ngakumbi) kunesixhobo esivavanywayo. Umzekelo, xa kulungiswa aephathwa ngesandlauxinzeleloigeyiji, "ixabiso lokwenene eliqhelekileyo" liya kufunyanwa ngokuchaneka okuphezulu,elebhu-ibakalauxinzeleloisilinganisi.

Ukuqonda le equation ilula linyathelo lokuqala, kodwa ayilichazi lonke ibali. Impazamo ye-1 millimeter ayibalulekanga xa ulinganisa ubude bombhobho weemitha ezili-100, kodwa lukusilela okumangalisayo xa kusenziwa ipiston kwi-injini. Ukufumana umfanekiso opheleleyo, kufuneka sibonakalise le mpazamo ngeendlela ezinentsingiselo ngakumbi. Apha kulapho iimpazamo ezipheleleyo, ezizalanayo, kunye neereferensi zingena khona.

Ukuqokelelwa kweempazamo ezintathu zoMlinganiselo oQhelekileyo

Masicazulule iindlela ezintathu eziphambili zokubala kunye nokunxibelelana ngempazamo yomlinganiso.

1. Imposiso epheleleyo: Ukutenxa eRaw

Imposiso epheleleyo yeyona ndlela ilula nechanekileyo yempazamo. Njengoko kuchaziwe kuxwebhu lomthombo, ngumahluko othe ngqo phakathi komlinganiselo kunye nexabiso lokwenyani, elichazwe kwiiyunithi zomlinganiselo ngokwawo.

Ifomula:

Umzekelo:

Ulinganisa ukuhamba kombhobho ngeyinyaniumgangatho wohamboof50 m³/h, kunyeyakhoimitha yokuhambauyafunda50.5 m³/h, ngoko ke impazamo epheleleyo ngu-50.5 – 50 = +0.5 m³/h.

Ngoku, khawufane ucinge ulinganisa inkqubo eyahlukileyo ngokuqukuqela okuyinyani okungama-500 m³/h, kwaye imitha yakho yokuhamba ifundeka 500.5 m³/h. Imposiso epheleleyo ise +0.5 m³/h.

Iluncedo nini? Impazamo epheleleyo ibalulekile ngexesha lokulinganisa kunye novavanyo. Isatifikethi sokulinganisa siya kuhlala sidwelisa iinxaxhi ngokupheleleyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zovavanyo. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko umzekelo ubonisa, ayinayo umxholo. Impazamo epheleleyo ye +0.5 m³/h ivakala ibaluleke kakhulu kumyinge wokuqukuqela omncinci kuneyona enkulu. Ukuze sikuqonde oko kubaluleka, sifuna impazamo elinganiselweyo.

2. Impazamo enxulumeneyo: Impazamo kuMxholo

Impazamo enxulumeneyo ibonelela ngomxholo osweleyo impazamo epheleleyo. Ichaza impazamo njengeqhezu okanye ipesenti yelona xabiso lilinganisiweyo. Oku kukuxelela ukuba inkulu kangakanani impazamo ngokunxulumene nobukhulu bomlinganiselo.

Ifomula:

Umzekelo:

Makhe sibuyele kumzekelo wethu:

Kumqukuqelo wama-50 m³/h: Impazamo enxulumeneyo = (0.5 m³/h / 50 m³/h) × 100% = 1%

Kuma-500 m³/h flow: Impazamo enxulumeneyo = (0.5 m³/h / 500 m³/h) × 100% = 0.1%

Ngequbuliso, umahluko ucace ngakumbi. Nangona impazamo epheleleyo yayifana kuzo zombini iimeko, impazamo enxulumeneyo ibonisa ukuba umlinganiselo wawuchaneke ngokuphindwe kashumi kumyinge wokuqukuqela ophantsi.

Kutheni le nto ibalulekile? Impazamo ehambelanayo sisalathisi esingcono kakhulu sokusebenza kwesixhobo kwindawo ethile yokusebenza. Inceda ukuphendula umbuzo othi "Ulunge kangakanani lo mlinganiselo ngoku?" Nangona kunjalo, abavelisi bezixhobo abanakudwelisa impazamo enxulumene nalo lonke ixabiso elinokwenzeka onokuthi ulilinganise. Bafuna i-metric enye, ethembekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwesixhobo sabo kuwo wonke amandla aso okusebenza. Lowo ngumsebenzi wempazamo yereferensi.

3. Impazamo yeReferensi (%FS): Umgangatho woShishino

Olu lubalulo olubona rhoqo kwiinkcukacha zedatha: ukuchaneka okuvezwa njengepesentiofIgcweleIsikali (%FS), ekwaziwa njengempazamo yereferensi okanye imposiso yesithuba. Esikhundleni sokuthelekisa impazamo epheleleyo kwixabiso elilinganisiweyo langoku, liyithelekisa nenani elipheleleyo (okanye uluhlu) lwesixhobo.

Ifomula:

I-Measurement Range (okanye i-Span) ngumahluko phakathi kowona maxabiso aphezulu kunye nobuncinci isixhobo senzelwe ukulinganisa.

Umzekelo Obalulekileyo: Ukuqonda i-%FS

Masicinge ukuba uyathengaaisidluliseli soxinzelelongele nkcazelo ilandelayo:

• Uluhlu: 0 ukuba 200 bar

• Ukuchaneka: ±0.5% FS

Inyathelo 1: Bala esona mpazamo siphezulu esivumelekileyo.

Okokuqala, sifumana impazamo epheleleyo ukuba le pesenti ihambelana: impazamo enkulu kakhulu = 0.5% × (200 bar - 0 bar) = 0.005 × 200 bar = ± 1 ibha.

Le yeyona ndlela yokubala ibaluleke kakhulu, esixelela ukuba kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni uxinzelelo esilinganisa ngalo, ukufundwa kwesi sixhobo kuqinisekisiwe ukuba kungaphakathi kwe-± 1 ibha yexabiso lokwenene.

Inyathelo lesi-2: Jonga indlela okukuchaphazela ngayo ukuchaneka okunxulumeneyo.

Ngoku, makhe sibone ukuba le mpazamo yebar ±1 ithetha ukuthini kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kuluhlu:

• Ukulinganisa uxinzelelo lwe-bar ye-100 (i-50% yoluhlu): Ukufundwa kunokuba naphi na ukusuka kwi-99 ukuya kwi-101 bar. Impazamo ehambelanayo kule ngongoma (i-1 bar / 100 bar) × 100% = ±1%.

• Ukulinganisa uxinzelelo lwe-bar ye-20 (i-10% yoluhlu): Ukufundwa kunokuba naphi na ukusuka kwi-19 ukuya kwi-21 bar. Impazamo ehambelanayo kule ngongoma (i-1 bar / 20 bar) × 100% = ± 5%.

• Ukulinganisa uxinzelelo lwe-bar ye-200 (i-100% yoluhlu): Ukufundwa kunokuba naphi na ukusuka kwi-199 ukuya kwi-201 bar. Impazamo ehambelanayo kule ngongoma (i-1 bar / 200 bar) × 100% = ± 0.5%.

Oku kuveza umgaqo obalulekileyo wesixhobo sokuba isixhobo sokuchaneka kokuchaneka kokona kulungileyo kumphezulu woluhlu lwaso kwaye kubi kakhulu ezantsi.

Ukuthatha okusebenzayo: Ungasikhetha njani isixhobo esilungileyo?

Ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-%FS kunye nemposiso enxulumeneyo inempembelelo enkulu ekukhetheni isixhobo.Incinci impazamo yereferensi, iphezulu ukuchaneka okupheleleyo kwesixhobo. Nangona kunjalo, unokuphucula ukuchaneka komlinganiselo ngokulula ngokukhetha uluhlu oluchanekileyo lwesicelo sakho.

Umgaqo wegolide wokulinganisa ubungakanani kukukhetha isixhobo apho amaxabiso okusebenza aqhelekileyo awela kwisiqingatha esingaphezulu (ngokunqwenelekayo, isibini esithathwini esiphezulu) soluhlu lwaso olupheleleyo. Masinyuke nomzekelo:

Khawufane ucinge ukuba inkqubo yakho iqhele ukusebenza kuxinzelelo lwe-70 bar, kodwa inokuba nencopho ukuya kuthi ga kwi-90 bar. UcingaMbiniabathumeli, zombini kunye ±0.5% FS ukuchaneka:

• Transmitter A: Uluhlu 0-500 bar

• Umthumeli B: Uluhlu lwe-0-100 bar

Masibale impazamo enokwenzeka kwindawo yakho yokusebenza yesiqhelo yebar engama-70:

I-Transmitter A (0-500 bar):

• Ubuninzi bempazamo enkulu = 0.5% × 500 bar = ± 2.5 bar.

• Kwibha ye-70, ukufunda kwakho kunokucinywa ngebha ye-2.5. Impazamo yakho yokwenyani yesalamane (2.5 / 70) × 100% ≈ ±3.57%. Le yimpazamo ebalulekileyo!

I-Transmitter B (0-100 bar):

• Ubuninzi bempazamo enkulu = 0.5% × 100 bar = ± 0.5 ibha.

• Kwibha ye-70, ukufunda kwakho kunokucinywa nge-0.5 bar kuphela. Impazamo yakho yokwenyani yesalamane (0.5 / 70) × 100% ≈ ± 0.71%.

Ngokukhetha isixhobo esinoluhlu olufanelekileyo "olucinezelweyo" lwesicelo sakho, uphucule umlinganiselo wehlabathi lokwenyani ngomlinganiselo wesihlanu, nangona zombini izixhobo bezinomlinganiselo ofanayo we-"%FS" wochaneko kuluhlu lwazo lwedatha.

Ukuchaneka vs. Ukuchaneka: Umahluko obalulekileyo

Ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo umlinganiselo, enye ingcamango ibalulekile: umahluko phakathi kokuchaneka nokuchaneka. Abantu bahlala besebenzisa la magama ngokutshintshana, kodwa kwisayensi kunye nobunjineli, athetha izinto ezahlukeneyo kakhulu.

UkuchanekaisNjanikufutshane nemilinganiselo kwixabiso lokwenene. Inxulumene nempazamo epheleleyo kunye nenxulumeneyo. Isixhobo esichanekileyo, ngokomndilili, sinika ufundo oluchanekileyo.

UkuchanekaisNjanivala imilinganiselo emininzi yento enye enye kwenye. Ibhekisa kukuphindwaphindwa okanye ukungaguquguquki komlinganiselo. Isixhobo esichanekileyo sikunika phantse ufundo olufanayo lonke ixesha, kodwa oko kufunda akunyanzelekanga ukuba kube kokuchanekileyo.

Nalu ufaniso ekujoliswe kulo:

• Ichanekile kwaye ichanekile: Zonke izithonga zakho zidityaniswe ngokuqinileyo embindini we-bullseye. Le yeyona nto ifanelekileyo.

• Ichanekile kodwa ayichanekanga: Zonke izithonga zakho zidityaniswe ngokuqinileyo kunye, kodwa zikwikona ephezulu ngasekhohlo yethagethi, kude ne-bullseye. Oku kubonisa impazamo ecwangcisiweyo, enjengendawo engalungelelaniswanga kakuhle kumpu okanye isivamvo esingalungiswanga kakuhle. Isixhobo siyaphinda kodwa sisoloko singalunganga.

• Ichanekile kodwa ayichanekanga: izithonga zakho zisasazeke kuyo yonke into ekujoliswe kuyo, kodwa indawo yazo ephakathi sisembindini we-bullseye. Oku kubonisa impazamo engacwangciswanga, apho umlinganiselo ngamnye uguquguquka ngokungalindelekanga.

• Aluchanekanga kwaye aluchanekanga: Izithonga zisasazeke ngokungacwangciswanga kuyo yonke into ekujoliswe kuyo, ngaphandle kokuhambelana.

Isixhobo esine-0.5% yenkcazo ye-FS ibanga ukuchaneka kwayo, ngelixa ukuchaneka (okanye ukuphindaphinda) kudla ngokudweliswa njengento yomgca eyahlukileyo kwi-database kwaye idla ngokuba yincinci (ngcono) inombolo kunokuchaneka kwayo.

Ukuqukumbela

Ukuqonda ii-nuances zempazamo kuko okwahlula injineli elungileyo kweyona inkulu.

Isishwankathelo, impazamo yokulinganisa ifuna ukusuka kwiikhonsepthi ezisisiseko ukuya kwisicelo esisebenzayo. Impazamo epheleleyo ibonelela ngokutenxa ekrwada, impazamo enxulumeneyo iyibeka kwimeko yomlinganiselo wangoku, kunye nempazamo yesalathiso (%FS) inika isiqinisekiso esisemgangathweni sesona siphoso siphezulu kuluhlu lwaso lonke. Eyona nto iphambili ekuthathweni kukuba isixhobo esichanekile kunye nokusebenza kwaso kwelizwe lokwenyani akufani.

Ngokuqonda ukuba impazamo ye-%FS emiselweyo iyichaphazela njani na ukuchaneka okunxulumeneyo kuwo wonke isikali, iinjineli kunye namagcisa anokwenza izigqibo ezinolwazi. Ukukhetha isixhobo esinoluhlu olufanelekileyo kwisicelo kubaluleke kakhulu njengoko ukulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba idatha eqokelelweyo iyimbonakaliso ethembekileyo yokwenyani.

Kwixesha elizayo xa uphonononga idatha kwaye ubone ukuchaneka komgangatho, uya kuyazi ngqo ukuba ithetha ukuthini. Ungabala impazamo enkulu enokwenzeka, uqonde ukuba loo mpazamo iya kuchaphazela njani inkqubo yakho kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza, kwaye wenze isigqibo esinolwazi esiqinisekisa ukuba idatha oyiqokeleleyo ayiyona nje amanani kwisikrini, kodwa ukubonakalisa okuthembekileyo kokwenyani.

Qhagamshelana neeNgcali zethu zoMlinganiselo