Imitha yoMbane woMbane: Isikhokelo esiBanzi sabaQalayo

Kumxholo wale mihla wolawulo lomgangatho, ukujongwa kwendalo, kunye nokuveliswa okukhethekileyo, ukukwazi ukuvavanya ngokuchanekileyo ukubunjwa kolwelo kubaluleke kakhulu.Ukuhanjiswa kombane(EC) ime njengeparameter esisiseko, inika ukuqonda okubalulekileyo kwi-concentration yento yonke ye-ionic enyityilisiweyo ngaphakathi kwesisombululo. Iimitha conductivity yombane(Imitha ye-EC) sisixhobo sohlalutyo esiyimfuneko esisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa le propati.

Esi sikhokelo sibanzi senzelwe iingcali kunye nabaqalayo ngokufanayo, ukubonelela ngocalucalulo olungqongqo lwemigaqo yemitha ye-EC, umsebenzi, ulungelelwaniso, kunye nosetyenziso olwahlukeneyo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba abaqalayo banokudibanisa ngokuzithemba obu buchule bokulinganisa buyimfuneko ekusebenzeni kwabo kokusebenza.

Isiqulatho:

1. Yintoni i-Elective Conductivity?

2. Yintoni iMita yokuQhutywa koMbane?

3. Uthini uMmiselo wokuSebenza weMmitha yokuHamba koMbane?

4. IMeta Ntoni imitha yokuHamba koMbane?

5. Zonke Iindidi zeemitha zokuHamba koMbane

6. ULungisa njani imitha yokuHamba ngoMbane?

7. Izicelo eziBanzi zoMbane wokuQhutywa koMbane

8. Nguwuphi uMahluko phakathi kweMita yokuHamba koMbane kunye neMita ye-pH?

I. Yintoni ukuQhutywa koMbane?

Ukuhanjiswa kombane(κ) ngumlinganiselo wokukwazi kwento ukuhambisa umsinga wombane. Kwizisombululo zamanzi, oku kuhanjiswa akufezekiswanga ngama-electron asimahla (njengakwizinyithi) kodwa ngokuhamba kweeyoni ezinyibilikileyo. Xa i-salts, i-acids, okanye iziseko zichithwa emanzini, ziyahlukana zibe ngama-cations ahlawulwe ngokufanelekileyo kunye neeanion ezihlawuliswa kakubi. La masuntswana ahlawuliweyo enza isisombululo sokuqhuba umbane.

Ngokubanzi, i-conductivity (σ) ichazwa ngokwemathematika njenge-reciprocal of resistivity (ρ), ebonisa amandla esixhobo sokuqhuba umsinga wombane (σ = 1/ρ).

Kwizisombululo, i-conductivity ixhomekeke ngokuthe ngqo kwi-ion concentration; ngokulula,i-concentration ephezulu yeeyoni ezihambayo zikhokelela ngokuthe ngqo kwi-conductivity ephezulu.

Ngelixa iyunithi yamazwe ngamazwe esemgangathweni (i-SI Unit) ye-conductivity yi-Siemens ngemitha (S/m), kwizicelo eziphathekayonjengayeuhlalutyo lomgangatho wamanzikunye nohlalutyo lwelabhoratri, amaxabiso micro-Siemens ngesentimitha (µS/cm) okanye milli-Siemens ngesentimitha (mS/cm) ziixhaphake kakhulu kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi.

II. Yintoni iMita yokuHanjwa koMbane?

An imitha conductivity yombanesisixhobo sokuhlalutya esichanekileyo esenzelwe ukulinganisa i-conductivity yesisombululo, esisebenza ngokufaka indawo yombane kunye nokulinganisa ukuhamba kwangoku okubangelwayo.

Isixhobo ngokuqhelekileyo siquka iiyunithi ezintathu eziphambili zokusebenza:

1. Iseli conductivity (probe/electrode):Lo ngumenzi woluvo oqhagamshelana nesisombululo ekujoliswe kuso. Iqulethe i-electrode ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu (ezihlala zenziwe ngeplatinum, igraphite, okanye insimbi engenasici) ehlukaniswe ngumgama osisigxina.

2. Iyunithi yemitha:Eli licandelo le-elektroniki elivelisa i-voltage ye-excitation (AC) kwaye iqhubekisela phambili umqondiso woluvo.

3. Isivamvo sobushushu:Eli candelo eliyimfuneko lihlala lidityaniswe kwi-probe ukulinganisa ubushushu besampuli yembuyekezo echanekileyo.

Imitha ye-EC ibonelela ngedatha ebalulekileyo efunekayo ekulawuleni iinkqubo apho ukugxininiswa kwezinto eziqinileyo ezinyityilisiweyo kubaluleke kakhulu, njengokucocwa kwamanzi kunye nokuveliswa kweekhemikhali.

III. Uthini uMmiselo wokuSebenza weMmitha yokuHamba koMbane?

Umgaqo wokulinganisa uxhomekeke kubudlelwane phakathi kokuziphatha kunye nokuchasana, ukulawulwa yijometri esisigxina. Apha, makhe siphonononge amanyathelo omlinganiselo ongundoqo kunye:

1. Ukusetyenziswa kombane we-AC:Isilinganisi-manzi sisebenzisa umbane ochanekileyo, owaziwayo otshintshatshintshayo wangoku (AC) kuwo onke ama-electrode amabini akwiprobe, nto leyo ethintela i-polarization kunye nokuthotywa komphezulu we-electrode.

2. Umlinganiselo wangoku:Imitha ye-conductivity yombane ilinganisa ubukhulu be-current (I) ehamba ngesisombululo, kwaye lo mbane uhambelana nokugxininiswa kwee-ion zeselula.

3. Ubalo lokuqhuba:Ukuqhuba kombane (G) kwesisombululo phakathi kwamacwecwe amabini kubalwa ngokusebenzisa ifom ehlelwe ngokutsha yoMthetho we-Ohm: G = I / V.

4. Ukumiselwa kokuqhuba:Ukufumana i-conductivity ethile (κ), i-conductance elinganisiweyo (G) iphindaphindwa yi-probe's cell constant (K): κ = G · K. I-cell constant (K) yinto esisigxina yejometri echazwe ngumgama (d) phakathi kwe-electrodes kunye nommandla wabo osebenzayo (A), K = d / A.

I-Conductivity ivakalelwa kakhulu kubushushu; ukunyuka kwe-1°C kunokunyusa ufundo malunga ne-2-3%. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba iziphumo ziyathelekiseka kwihlabathi jikelele, zonke iimitha ze-EC zobuchwephesha zisebenzisa i-Automatic Temperature Compensation (ATC).

Imitha ibhekisela kwixabiso lokuqhuba elilinganisiweyo kwiqondo lokushisa eliqhelekileyo, ngokuqhelekileyo i-25 ° C, usebenzisa i-coefficient yokushisa echaziweyo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ixabiso elixeliweyo lichanekile kungakhathaliseki ukuba isampuli yokushisa yangempela ngexesha lokulinganisa.

IV. Ingaba iMeta Ntoni Imitha yokuHamba koMbane?

Ngelixa imveliso esisiseko yemitha yeEC yiUkuqhuba koMbane, olu fundo lusetyenziswa rhoqo ukulinganisa okanye ukuqikelela ezinye iiparamitha zomgangatho wamanzi ezibalulekileyo kwiintlobo zezityalo zoshishino:

1. Ukuhanjiswa koMbane (EC):Umlinganiselo othe ngqo, uxelwe kwi-µS/cm okanye mS/cm.

2. IiNdawo eziNyityisiweyo zizonke (TDS): TDSimele ubunzima bubonke bezinto eziphilayo ezinyityilisiweyo kunye ne-inorganic matter kwiyunithi nganye umthamo wamanzi, oboniswa ngokuqhelekileyo nge-mg/L okanye iinxalenye ngesigidi (ppm). Ekubeni i-EC ihambelana kakhulu nomxholo we-ionic (inxalenye enkulu ye-TDS), imitha ye-EC inokubonelela ngexabiso eliqikelelweyo le-TDS usebenzisa i-conversion factor (TDS Factor), ngokuqhelekileyo ukusuka kwi-0.5 ukuya kwi-0.7.

3. Ubutyuwa:Kumanzi anebrackish, amanzi olwandle, kunye ne-industrial brines, i-EC sesona sigqibo siphambili setyuwa, eludibaniso lulonke lwazo zonke iityuwa ezinyityilisiweyo emanzini, ngokwesiqhelo kuxelwe kwi-PSU (IiYunithi eziSebenzayo zeSalinity) okanye iinxalenye kwiwaka ngalinye.

V. Zonke Iindidi zeemitha zokuHamba koMbane

Iimitha ze-EC kuqwalaselo olwahlukeneyo ziyilelwe ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile zokuchaneka, ukushukumiseka, kunye nokubeka iliso okuqhubekayo, kwaye naziieqhelekileyoiintlobo ze-conductivityiimithaukubazibonwa rhoqo kwiintlobo zemiboniso yemizi-mveliso:

VI. Ulingiswa njani iMmitha yokuQhutywa koMbane?

Ukulinganisa rhoqo kunyanzelekile ukugcina ukuchaneka kunye nokuthembeka kwayo nayiphi na inkqubo yokulinganisa i-EC. Ulungelelwaniso lubeka emgangathweni impendulo yemitha kumaxabiso aziwayo, iqinisekisa iseli engatshintshiyo (K).

Inkqubo yoLungiso oluMgangatho:

1. Ukhetho olusemgangathweni:Khetha eqinisekisiweyoisisombululo somgangatho we-conductivity(umz., potassium chloride (KCl) izisombululo ezinamaxabiso aziwayo afana ne-1413 µS/cm okanye 12.88 mS/cm) ezibeka izibiyeli uluhlu lwakho olulindelekileyo lwesampulu.

2. Amalungiselelo oPhando:Hlanza i-electrode ngokucokisekileyo ngamanzi e-deionized (DI) kwaye emva koko kunye nexabiso elincinci lesisombululo esiqhelekileyo sokumisa umgangatho. Ibhula yomile ngephepha elingena-lint; musa ukuzosula ngamandla.

3. Umlinganiselo:Gxininisa iprobe ngokupheleleyo kwisisombululo esisemgangathweni, uqinisekise ukuba akukho amaqamza omoya avaleleke kufutshane nemiphezulu ye-electrode. Vumela ubushushu buzinze.

4. Uhlengahlengiso:Qalisa umsebenzi wokulinganisa imitha. Isixhobo siya kufunda ngokuzenzekelayo ixabiso elizinzile kwaye lilungelelanise ngaphakathi iiparitha zalo (okanye zixelele umsebenzisi ukuba afake ixabiso eliqhelekileyo eliqhelekileyo).

5. Ukuqinisekisa:Ngomsebenzi ochanekileyo ophezulu, qinisekisa ukulinganisa usebenzisa isisombululo esiqhelekileyo sesibini, esahlukileyo.

VII. Usetyenziso oluBanzi lweMlinganiso yokuHanjwa koMbane

Ukusetyenziswa komlinganiselo weEC kubanzi kwaye kubalulekile kuwo wonke amacandelo ahlukeneyo:

1. Ukucocwa kwamanzi:Ukubeka iliso ekusebenzeni kwe-Reverse Osmosis (RO) kunye neenkqubo ze-deionization. I-conductivity yamanzi acocekileyo kakhulu ngumlinganiselo othe ngqo womgangatho wawo (ophantsi µS/cm ubonisa ubunyulu obuphezulu).

2. INzululwazi ngokusiNgqongileyo:Ukuvavanya impilo yonke kunye nobutyuwa bemithombo yamanzi endalo (imilambo, amachibi, amanzi aphantsi komhlaba), ahlala esetyenziswa njengesalathisi songcoliseko olunokubakho okanye ukuqengqeleka kwezimbiwa.

3. EzoLimo kunye neHorticulture:Ukulawula iugxininiso lwesisombululo sezondlokwi-hydroponics kunye ne-fertigation. Impilo yezityalo idityaniswe ngokuthe ngqo kwinqanaba le-EC lamanzi okutya.

4. Ulawulo lweNkqubo yoShishino:Ukulawula imijikelo yokupholisa kwiinqaba zokupholisa kunye neebhoyila ukuthintela isikali kunye nomhlwa ngokugcina ukuhlangana kwezinto eziqinileyo ezinyityilisiweyo ngaphakathi kwemida eyamkelekileyo.

5. Ukutya kunye nesiselo:Ulawulo lomgangatho, olusetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ukuxinwa kwezithako (umzekelo, ityuwa kwizisombululo ze-brine okanye i-acid concentration kwiziselo).

VIII. Nguwuphi uMahluko phakathi kwemitha yokuHamba koMbane kunye neMmitha ye-pH?

Ngelixa zombini zizixhobo eziyimfuneko zohlalutyo lolwelo, imitha ye-EC kunyetheimitha ye-pHimijeloureiimpawu ezahlukeneyo ngokwesiseko zesisombululo:

Kuhlalutyo olubanzi lwamanzi, zombini iiparamitha ziyimfuneko. Umzekelo, ngelixa ukuhanjiswa okuphezulu kukuxelela ukuba kukho ii-ion ezininzi ezikhoyo, i-pH ikuxelela ukuba ezo ion zinegalelo elikhulu kwi-asidi okanye ialkalinity.