Amanzi etephu abhekiselele ekusetyenzweni kwamanzi akrwada afana namanzi omlambo kunye namanzi echibi abe emanzini ukuze avelise kwaye aphile ngokuhambelana nemigangatho yelizwe ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ezinjengokuxuba, ukusabela, ukuna kwemvula, ukuhluzwa kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane. Ngokuphuculwa kwemigangatho yokuphila, abantu banemfuno eziphezulu neziphezulu zomgangatho wamanzi etephu. Oku kufuna ukuba umzi-mveliso wamanzi uqhubeke uphucula ubuchwephesha bokucocwa kwamanzi, kwaye ube neendlela ezigqibeleleyo zokubeka iliso kuyo yonke inkqubo yokucocwa kwamanzi, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba abantu babonelela ngamanzi akwitephu asemgangathweni.
Kukho imithombo eyahlukeneyo yamanzi aphuma empompo, njengamanzi omlambo, amanzi okugcina amanzi, amanzi echibi, amanzi omthombo kunye namanzi aphantsi komhlaba. Amanzi akrwada ngolo hlobo akacocwa kwaye nomgangatho wamanzi uphantsi. Ngokuqhelekileyo iqulethe iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezinto eziqinileyo, ii-colloids kunye neentsimbi ezininzi ezinzima ezinobungozi kumzimba womntu. Ions, ebonisa iimpawu ezahlukeneyo ze-acid-base. I-electromagnetic flowmeter, eneentlobo ngeentlobo zee-electrode kunye nokhetho lwe-liner, ifaneleke ngakumbi kumlinganiselo wokuhamba kwamanzi akrwada omgangatho wamanzi kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza. Ngonxibelelwano oluhlukeneyo lwemveliso, inokunxibelelana ngokulula kunye ne-back-end PLC, i-DCS, njl. Ngelo xesha, kukho iindlela ezininzi zokubonelela ngombane ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zesayithi ezahlukeneyo.